Power-operated hammer.



Patented June' 14,1910;

'1 SHEETS-SHEET 1..

R. F. ARNOTT. POWER OBERATED HAMMER. Arrnmu'lon rum) NOV. 4, 1907. nnwmi NOV. 13, 1909.

1 i 0 a if R. 1 ARNOTT. 1

POWER OPERATED HAMMER.

RENEWED NOV 1 a 1909 Patented June 14,1910.

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R. P. ARNOTT. POWER OPERATED EAMMERL I APPLIQATIUN FILED NOV.4=, 1907. RENEWED NOV. 13, 1909. 961,384, Patented June 14,1910.

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7BHEIITS-SHEET 5. I

R.-P. ARNOTT. POWER OPERATED HAMMER. APPLICATION FILED NOV. 4,1907: RENEWED NOV. 13, 1909:

Patented June 14,1910.

7 BHEET8BEEBT 6.

F. ARNOTT. I POWER OPERATED HAMMER.

APPLICATION FILED NOVA, 190']. RENEWED NOV. 13, 1969. 961 ,384.

Patented June 14, 1910.

'I SEBETS-SHEET 7- UNITED STATES PATENT- OFFICE.

ROBERT FLEMING ARNOTT, 0F MON'IGLAIR, NEW- POWER-OPERATED HAMMER.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented June 14, 1910.

Application filed November 4, 1907, Serial No. 400,547. Renewed November 13, 1909. Serial No. 527,901.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ROBERT FLEMING Anno'rr, a subject of the King of Great Britain, residing at Montclair, in the county of Essex and State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Power-Operatedv Hammers, of. which the following is, a' specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawings.

My invention relates to improvements in power-operated hammers; and an object of my invention is to provide'a power-operated hammer which will be. simple in construction and eflicient in operation and which may be controlled and operated in useby a minimum number of workmen.

Onefeature of my invention resides in the provision'of this class of hammers with means for obtaining'an economical expenditure of the workingfluid and with means for guarding against accident by cushioning the upward stroke of the ram. It has been common heretofore to provide power-operated hammers with rotative valves; but, so far as known, to me, it is new withme to give such arotative valve a step-by-step rotation. In my hammer hereinafter described, a valve-rod attached at one end to the ramhead carries valve-trips which are provided with cam surfaces adapted to rub against the projectingend of a valve-lever to produce cut-off and thereby allow the Working fluid to expand; and to close the exhaustport before the end of the stroke and thereby to compress the working fluid remaining in the cylinder and prevent any accidents which might follow a too great travel of the ram 111 an upward direction.

Another feature of my invention is the provision of a hammer of this class with massive frame 'members and cylinder body. The great weight ofthese stationary parts prevents the hammer as a whole from being raised by the reaction of the \vorkingfluid.

lfurther, 'certain operating parts of the mechanism are'mclosed within those heavy stationary parts and are thereby protected from being broken in the rough usage to which hammers of this class are subjcted.

A third feature of my invention resides in providing a hammer of this class with means'by whicha hammer as a whole may be raised and lowered. These means-are mounted within the massive stationar parts, (frame-members and cylinder bodyl controlled device is provided for paying out the chainin case the hammer is not lowered with sufiicient speed. by this automatic mechanism. Again, the raising and lowering mechanism in my hammer is mounted below the top thereof, whereby head-room is saved and the hammer is adapted to be used Where only limited headroom ma work an in shops.

In the drawings illustrating the principle of my invention and the best mode now known tome of applying'that principle, Fi re 1 is a side elevation, parts of the cylbe obtained, as in'underground in er body and of the frame being broken away to show the interior mechanism; Fig:

2 is an'end elevation; Fig. 3 is a section on the line A-A of Fig.6; Fig. 4: is a sec:

tion on line BB of Fig.7; Fig. 5 is a plan view; Fig. 6 is a section on line Q-C of Fig.

1; Fig. 7 is a section on line DD of Fig. 6; Fig. 8 is a section on line EE of Fig.

7 Fig. 9 is a detail in perspective showing the valve-operating mechanism; Figs. 10

and 11 are details of the valve-trip and the.

valverod carrying thesame;-,Fi s. 12 and 13- are details of the valve-lever; Figs. l t to 1-7, inclusive, are details showing in sectional view different positions of the rotative valve; and FigsQlS to 28, inclusive,.are de-- tails of the mechanism for raising and lowering the hammer as a whole.

The cylinder-body a is bolted to the frame members I) which together with the cylinderbody a are of massive construction; and in the cylinder-body is formed a cylinder 0 in which reciprocates a piston (Z mounted upon one end of a piston-rod e the other end of which carries the ram-head f tofwhich 'is fastened the Valve-rod g. -The moving parts consisting of the iston cl,piston-rod e and ram-head f constitute the ram of the,

hammer. The cylinder 0 is closed at its upper end by the c linder-cover h.

The working aid (6. 9., steam, air orlthe llke) flows past the throttle-valved and through the passage z" in the cylinder-body a: intothe valve-chest j in which is mounted the two-armed rotative valve is carried by the valve-ste n 'm. From the valve-chest j lead the ports n, and the exhaust port 39, the port a leading to the upper end of the cylinder, while the port 0 leads to the lower end thereof: (Fig. 7).

' in Fig. law that illustrated in Fig. 15.

Upon the outer end of the valve-stem m is mounted thehub g of the valve-lever shown in Figs. 12 and '13. (See also Fig. 9.) The valve-lever is formed with the two triparms 13's and the stop-arm f. ,The va'lve-rod g is fastened at its lower end to the ramead f and is two-part at its upper end the" parts being separated by the slot in which are mounted the valve-trips o, w: Each, of these valve'trips consists of a plurality bl trip-plates which are adjustable relatively to one another. Further, the valve-tripsfo, 'w themselves may be moved bodily alon the slot u the walls of which are forme with holesa" to admit'of this adjustment, as

is best The action of the valve-trips in turning the valve It may be described as fOllOWSQHAS the ram-head f moves downwardly, carrying with it the valve-rod g, the valve'trip wa'cts to throw the valvek from the position shown.

l Fig. "14 the upper end of the cylinder is open 11 ofllthetrip-plate 12 o to the, "admission of the working fluid throu hthe port n, while the other end of the cyilinder is open to the exhaust. In Fig. l5'the valve h from its position has been turned counterclockwise until cut-off occurs at the upper-end of thecylinder and the lower end of thee linderis partially closed to the exhaust. T iislr'novement of the valve h from its position shown in Fig. 14 to that shown in Fig. 15. is accomplished b the striking of the nose 2 of the trip-p ate 3 againstthe toe 4 of the trip-arm r of the valve-lever. As the rain-head f continues its downward travel, the nose 6 'ofthe tripplate 7 strikes the same toe 4, of the triparm 1' and thereby turns the valve-stem m still farther, throwing the valve is from the position shown in Fig. lo to that illustrated in Fig. 16. In the latter figure both the ports n and o are closed by the arms of the valve, 'whereby expansion continues to take place at the upper end ofthe cylinder, while compression occurs at the lowerend thereof.

.Fuither downward travel of the ram-head f brings the nose 8 of the trip-plate 9 into engagement with the heel 10 of the trip-arm 9', whereby the valve is is thrown from its position in Fig. 1,6 to its position in Fig. 17. In the latter figure, the lower end of the cylinder is open for the admission of live steam and-the upper end isopen to the exhaust. As the rain-head moves'u wardly, the nose the other trip to the lower end of the shown inFig. l0. Butsthe valve rod may be inade integral with the valve-trips.

' cates.

strikes the toe 4 of the trip-arm s and turns the valve is from its position-in Fig. 17 to its position in l ig.'16,-in which both ports a, o are closed and expansion takes place in pression takes place in the upper end thereof. As the upward movement of the ramhead continues, the nose lelof the trip-plate 15 strikes the heel 10 of the trip-arm s and from its position in Fi throws the valve 7c 16 to that of Fig. 14, wherein the steam is admitted through the port it to the upper, end of the cylinder, while exhaust steam flows through the port Q from the lower end.

While the valve-trip w is shown-as being of so 1 different shape from the valve-trip 0, both may be of the same shape, in whiph case the valve A; will be made to take the position shown by the dotted lines in Fig. 15 in passing from the position shown in Fig. 17 to that shown in Fig. 1G.

i In order that the ram-h to raise and lower the hammer asa whole, the following niechanisrn'is provided (see I Figs. 18 to 23, inclusive); To 7 is fastened at its lower end the teeth of which mesh a Ipinion 21. The latter istwo-p'art, -'the parts 22, 23 beingfastenedtogether by the a rack-bar 2G screws 24 and having interposedbetween them the partition ring' Eaclrpart 2 2, 23 (if the pinionfis formed in its'in terioi" with a plurality of reeessesQtij in each, of which is. inognted free to 'roll a ball 27. The recessesof the part, 22 are 'reve disposed from-those of the part 23, as is shown by the dotted lines in Fig.21. The

two-part pinion ,21- is mounted upon the shaft 28 which is free to slide lengthwise cylinder,- While co1nead f may be made i i and is formed with a circumferential groove 29 at one end. The inner end of a reversing lever 30 engages the walls of the groove 29 and serves to throw the shaft 28 lengthwise, when the lever 30 is operated. Upon the shaft 28 is formed an integral collar 31 'the side faces of which I are beveled (Fig." 20). When thecollar 31 lies within the partition ring 25, the balls 27 lie upon the main, or 'bOlY portion of the shaftv 28 and the whole pinion 21 is'free to turn idly 1 15 upon the shaft 28, asth e ram-head recipro- When the shaft 28 is moved by the reversing lever 30 to the position shown in Fig. 20, the balls 27 of the part 22 are crowded or wedged by the collar 31 out into the recesses 26; and when the pinion 21 is rotated in the direction of the arrow in Fig; 21 (or clockwise), by the upward travel A the'rack-bar 20, the balls 27 roll towariL the smaller end'of the recesses 26 and clutch 12 5 thepiniohQl to the shaft 28. Hence, when the rack-bar moves upwardly, the shaft 28 is rotated, while (for this position of the collar31) the return or'downward move ment of the rackrbar 20 will be idle, the 136 pinion 21 will rotate idly and the shaft 28 will remain-stationary. Keyed to the shaft 28 is a worm 32 the hub 33 of which is journaled in.,the cylinder body a (Figs. 19'

. secured to any suitable overhead support from which the hammer is suspended; andand In mesh with the worm32 is the worm-'wheel 34 fast on a shaft 35 which isjournaled in the cylinder-body a (Figs. 4

and 6) and which carries a chain-Wheel 36 with which engages'an endless chain 37. The latter passes over a chain-wheel 38 the chain 37 then passes under the chainwheel 39 fast on the shaft '40 journaled in the c linden body a'(Figs. l and 5). Upon the s iaft 40 is mounted' a friction drum 41 around which passes the friction band 42- one end of which is fastened to an. end of a brake-lever 43 fulcrumed upon a shaft 44 to which is secured the other end of the friction band 42. To the other end of. the

rotates in the direction of the arrow in Fig. 21, the worm 32 drives the worm-wheel 34 clockwise or in the direction of the arrow in Fig. 21 and the chain 37 will 'be fed upwardly at the right side as viewed in Fig. 1, thereby allowing the hammer as a whole to descend. Hence, upward movement of the ramshead fand its attached rack-bar 20 will lower away the hammer as a Whole.

To raise the hammer as a whole, the workman throws the reversing lever and thereby moves the collar 31 within the part 23 of the pinion 21 forcing the balls 27 outwardly into the recesses26 in the part 23. When the rack-bar 20 moves downwardly, the collar 31 being within the part 23, the pinion 21 will be rotated counterclockwise as viewed in Fig. 21 and thereby clutched to the shaft 28; and the latter will, therefore be rotated counterclockwise by the downward travel of the rack-bar 20 but will remain stationary during the upward travel thereof. Counterclockwise rotation-.of the shaft 28 will cause counterclockwise rotation of the worm-wheel 34, and the shaft 35 and. the chain-wheel 36 will be rotated so as to draw downwardly the endless chain 37, on its right side as viewed in Fig. l,

.wherebythe hammer as a whole will be rotary engine 51, a four-way valve 52 is provided, as shown in Fig. 23.

As is best shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 5, the hammer is. provided with bails 53 attached to'the upper end of the cylinder body a and connected'by a hanger-bar 54. Any suitable suspensory device as a hook 55 of a chainblock (not shown) may be engaged with the hanger-bar 54; and the chain-block may be carried by any suitable overhead support,as a traveling crane, boom of a derrick or the like. As the chain-block and the overhead supporthereinbefore mentioned are old in this art and well known to those skilled therein, it 'is not deemed necessary to illustrate the same in the drawings.

Each of the frame members b is provided at its lower end with a buflfer-p'late, 56 and with jaw-plates 57. The latter are detach able and may be replaced by other ja'w' plates of different size. andv shapein order to vary'the interval between the o posed faces of the jaw-plates according. to (lie size and shape ofthe ile to be driven. Near its 'uppere nd', each rame meinber b is formed with shoulders 58 against which the ramhead '7 will rest in case the hammeris in verted.v

At its bottom portion, the hammer is providedwith a pile-plate 59, from which projects a tooth or pile-pin 60. The shape of the pile-plate 59 is shown by the dotted lines in Fig. 8, v This pile-plate rests, when the hammer is not in use, upon the jaw-plates 57, as is shown by the dottedlines in Figs. 1 and 7. i v

To use the hammer, it is brought over the work to be operated upon as apile (51 to be driven. As the hammer is lowered, over the pile the top of the latter enters the space between the jaw-platesli'l andforces the pileplate 59 from its dotted line position in Figs. 1 and 7 to its full lineposition in those ures. At the same time, the ram-head f is raised from oil the butler-plates 56 to the full line positionof Figs. 1 and i'. The workingfluid is then admitted through the throttle valve 2' and the passage 3" tothe valve-chest-j. The ram is reciprocated, driving the pile dowmvardly. As the pilemoves downwardly. under the blows of the ramhead f, tl'lelmmlner as a whole is nuldelo follow it automatically throughthe upper movement of the rack-bar 20, whichdri'ves the worm 32 and worm-wheel 34, whereby the chain 37 is paid out. Should, however, the chain 37 not be paid out with sufiicient rapidity to keep the hammer in close proximityQtO the pile, the worlnnan throws the brake-operating wheel 4(3 so as to release the brake-band 42'end thereby to allow the friction-drum 41, .the shaft 40 andthe chainwheel 39 to rotate and to pay out the chain 37 as fast as may be necessary. In case the rotary engine 51 is used, the rack-bar and 1 the mechanism driven by it are dispensed 1 It will be observed that the rotative valve" l is given a step-by-step rotary movement with; and the hammer is lowered by the the top of the pile (51 between the jaw-plates 57; and it is prevented from sur ing fronrside to side or in a direction para 101 to the planeof the jawplates by the engagement of pile-pin 6'0 with the top of the pileand of the pile-plate 59 with the frame-members b,

the pile-platebeing shown by dotted lines in Fig. 8.

by the'valve-trips v, to, whereby a more economical use of the Working fluid is obtained and the movement of the hammer is cushioned. By the expansion of: the working fluid after cut-off and its compression near the end of the stroke a higher efficiency is obtained; and by reason of the movement of the hammer at the end of its upward stroke being cushioned, dam er of its strik ing the cylinder cover and wreckin the hammeras av'olded,a precautionv whlch 1s "essential in this class of hammers. So far as known to me, the rotative valves nr'rpowen operated hammers heretofore made have been thrown completely through their travel inone'direction to admit the working fluid and then thrown in the reverse direction completely to their original position to open the end of the cylinder to exhaust;as, for

instance, in the patent g1'ante(l "1\.,J. Du-

puis, No. 341,837, May 11 1886. Byprovid; mg the valve strips with a series of cam surfaces, the. rotative valve is given a step-bystep rotation to producecutoff and allow expansion of the working fluidand to close the exhaust before the end of the stroke to produce COIIIPIQSSIOD; a structure which is new with me in" this class of hammers,

The massive construction of the stationary parts .serves'to give the ham er a solidity which reventelts being raised by the reaction of the working fluid in the cylinder. Further, the'operatlng parts, as those concerned in the control of the valve and in the control of the raising and lowering mccham ism, are inclosed \vithinthis massive coin brake is used tagger: er ititlr the which these hammers are subjected.

struction and are protected by it fism the hard usage an habilityjto jbeibioken to,

It will be med an, in :thomechan raising and lqwerm the hammer In tron .1! c device, whereby the hammer as awhblo. may

bejlowered as rapidly as may be desire should not'the automatic loweringmechanhammer.

number of workmen, whereby the cost of ism act with sufiicient speedf Further, in this. raising and lowering mechanism a Worm and worm-wheel are used by the engagement of which a lock is produced that prevents any accidental unwinding of the"suspensory chain. The raising and lowering mechanism is further mounted. below the top of the This construction gives head-room and allows the hammer to be used in places, such as in shops and in tunnel work, where the head-room is limited, I am aware that mechanism for raising and lowering a ham- I mer as a whole has heretofore been provided, as is shown in the patent granted W. llvan Duzee,'-No. 4t95,126, April 11, 1893; but, so faras known tome, I am the first to provide means controlled by the ram-head for automatically raising and lowering the hammer, as a whole; and also the first to provide. for the same purpose a device independent of 3 the ram and mounted in and below the top oft-he stationary parts.

My hammer hereinbefore described may, be operated and controlled by a'minimum operation is materially reduced.

I claim:

L In a power-o Jerated hammer, the com: bination with a cy inder; a piston which reciprocates therein; and a ram-head driven by'said'piston; of a rotative yalv which controls the admission and theexhaust of the working fluid to and from saidcylinder; and means for giving said valve '21 step-bystep motion-of rotation toproduce compress sionof the working fluid and thereby to cushion the piston at the end of its stroke.

2. In a power-operated hammer, the combination with a cylinder; a piston which reciprocates therein and a ramhead driven by said piston; of a rotative valve which controls the admission and the exhaust of the working fluid in and from said cylinder; and means controlled by the movement of said rain-head for giving said valve a step by-step motion of rotation to produce compression of the working fluid and thereby to cushion the piston at the end of its stroke.

3. In apow'er-operated hammer, the combinationwith a cylinder; a piston which reciprocates therein; and a ram-head driven by said piston; of a rotative valve which controls the admission and the exhaust of the working 'fluid to and from said cylinder; a valve-stern u on which is mounted said valveta valveever upon said valvestem; a valve-rod; and a valve-trip carried by said rod and reciprocated thereby; said valve-lever projecting into the path of travel of said valve-trip'and being given thereby a ste i-hy-step motion of rotation.

, 4; n a-power-operatedhammer,'the com bination.within-cylinder; apiston which reciprocates therein and a ram-head driven by said piston; of a rotative valve which our ' within whi I and loweri 1g the I va vestem a valvei111 controls the adm the working fiui formed with a pluralityof nch contact with said valveever and give the same a step-by-step motion of rotation.

n a power-operated hammer, the comb nation with a ram-head and means for re--. 'clprocating the same, of frame within which is mounted and val said ram-head and mclosed tected by said frame-members n a power-operated hammer b nation with a ram-head and clprocating the same, of w thin whicl and means controlling the raisingand low-- cr ng of the hammer as a whole, said means eing mounted within andprotected by said lame-members. In a o\ver-opg;i a tedjhaunner; the comb mat1on with a rafikhqad an ineens f e crprocatm fiiame members 1 s .n 1 ounted% ram-headg: a; mounte d; upon said framemembers s spensory devices for supportin hammer; and means connected with-mi F snspensory dev-i'eesand mounted within and protected by said cylinder-body ion-raising hammer as a vszhole.v r n; .a oWer-ope1-ated ha negatio w th a c pro retmg the the can: means fi'orr rej QQ- members ram-head and means. for re*- same, of station 1 is mounted sand; vain-head;

miner; the-com:-

mounted said ram head a worm a riving 'said within which are and means; a suspensory deviceworm-w and means for d Worm and worm-wheel to out said suspensory device; the engagement of said worm and worm-wheel serifin' to k. the suspensory device against being accidentally paid out.

. ;0-. n a ower-operated hammer, the com biination with a ram-head and means for ree, of mechanism eon-- ntrolled by said gam d lowering the hammer head for raising an ,as awhole.

11. In a power-operated hammer, the oombination with a ram-head and means for-re-Y the same, of -mechamsm concontrolled by said means, for -raising and lowering the hammer as a whole.

ary arts:

W thin.- which are mounted; said ram ead n 1.-means; a suspensorxdgvj nd 1 3 1: 5 3?) mounted in said; parts belowthe top thereof for raisin and loweringthe hanr H101 as a whole, Wiereby headroom for theammer is obtained; I in a QWGI -O rated hammerethe conib natipmwith; a ram-h means 01: '1'e- 4. sad, and qmrocatmg; the s me, at stationary. parts this second day ;of Novemh 12. In a; power-operated hammer, the combination with a rain-head and means for reciprocating the same, of automatic mechan-i ism'fior. raising and lowering the hammer as a whole and means for reversing said mechanism..

13. In apower-opera-ted hammer, the combination with a ram-head and means for reciprocating the- Same, of automatie mechanism for raising and lowering the hammer as a whole; and a device for fi'ictionally controllingthe speed of lowering of the hammeiz.

145 In a power-operated hammer, the com-- bination With-a ram-head and means for reciprocating the same, of automatic mechanism. for raising and ,Iowering the hammer as a whole; and a device for thrown mechanism out of operation.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set {j my hand in the presence of the two under-i gned 'witnessesat New York city, N. Y.,-

' er, A. D. 1907.

R. FLEMING ARNOTT.

'Witnesms:

EMMA I. MCCARTHY, JAMES HAMILToN.

wind up and pay- 1g said 

